To some extent, it is possible to control the direction and energy of neutrinos by properly selecting energy of the primary proton beam and focusing secondary pions and kaons, because the neutrinos take over part of their kinetic energy and move in a direction close to the parent particles.Ī method that allows to further narrow the energy distribution of the produced neutrinos is the usage of the so-called off-axis beam. Neutrinos do not have an electric charge, so they cannot be focused or accelerated using electric and magnetic fields, and thus it is not possible to create a parallel, mono-energetic beam of neutrinos, as is done for charged particles beams in accelerators. At the same time neutrinos unimpeded travel farther, close the direction of their parent particles. Absorption of the remaining hadrons and charged leptons in a beam dump (usually a block of graphite) and in the ground.However, decays into electron (anti)neutrinos, is also a significant fraction: In most of kaon decays the appropriate type of neutrinos (muon neutrinos for positive kaons and muon antineutrinos for negative kaons) are produced: Thus, the length of the decay tunnel is optimised to maximise the number of pion decays and simultaneously minimise the number of muon decays, in which undesirable types of neutrinos are produced: It is usually intended to have a pure beam, containing only one type of neutrino: either Charged pions decay in more than 99.98% into a muon and the corresponding neutrino according to the principle of preserving electric charge and lepton number: Decay of the secondary particles in flight in a long (of the order of hundreds meters) decay tunnel.Focusing, by a set of magnetic horns, the secondary particles with a selected charge: positive to produce the muon neutrino beam, negative to produce the muon anti-neutrino beam.In such a collision secondary particles, mainly pions and kaons, are produced. Proton beam collision with a fixed target.Acceleration of a primary proton beam in a particle accelerator.The process of the muon neutrino or muon antineutrino beam production consists of the following steps: Accelerator neutrinos are used to study neutrino interactions and neutrino oscillations taking advantage of high intensity of neutrino beams, as well as a possibility to control and understand their type and kinematic properties to a much greater extent than for neutrinos from other sources. Depending on the energy of the accelerated protons and whether mesons decay in flight or at rest it is possible to generate neutrinos of a different flavour, energy and angular distribution.
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